Anemia Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Anemia, including details on symptoms, diagnosis, diet, treatment, causes.

Sickle cell disease: role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites.

Wood KC, Granger DN

Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA.

1. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of haemoglobin synthesis that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to sequelae of episodic vaso-occlusive events: pain crises and multiorgan damage. The microvascular responses to the initiation, progression and resolution of vaso-occlusive events are consistent with an inflammatory phenotype as suggested by activation of multiple cell types, an oxidatively stressed environment and endothelial cell dysfunction. 2. Decreased anti-oxidant defences in SCD patients and mice are accompanied by activation of enzymatic (NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase) and non-enzymatic (sickle haemoglobin auto-oxidation) sources of reactive oxygen species. The resultant oxidative stress leads to dysfunction/activation of arteriolar and venular endothelial cells, resulting in impaired vasomotor function and blood cell-endothelial cell adhesion. 3. Changes in substrate and cofactor availability for endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase may underlie reactive oxygen- and nitrogen-induced events that contribute to SCD-induced vasculopathy. 4. The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of SCD provides a platform for the development of novel agents to treat this painful and lethal disease.

Published 24 July 2007 in Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 34(9): 926-32.
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